The short answer
Late May to late June, or the first three weeks of September. The sea is swimmable, the days are long, the boats all run, and you can get a table without booking three days ahead. If you want one answer, September. The sea has had all summer to warm up and the crowd has gone home.
Month by month
April–May: 18–24 °C, sea still cold in April and fine by late May. Everything opens; prices are low. The bura wind can still cancel a boat in April, so leave a spare day.
June: the sweet spot. Warm sea, long days, manageable crowds, and accommodation has not yet hit the July peak. The best month if you want the full summer experience without paying for it.
July–August: 30 °C+, sea at 25 °C, the city full and accommodation at its peak. Ultra Europe in mid-July fills every bed. Mid-August is the busiest fortnight of the year because Croatia is on holiday too.
September: the locals' favourite. Warm sea from a whole summer of heating, thinner crowds, softer light, and the restaurants still have their summer menus and their summer staff. The best month, on balance.
October: still 20 °C, swimmable to mid-month, and a beautiful time to walk Marjan. Boat timetables thin out from mid-month.
November–March: 10–15 °C, rain in November and December, most island boats reduced, the old town returned to the people who live in it. Advent in December is the one bright spot; January and February are the quietest months of the year.
What to avoid if you can
The middle two weeks of August, when Croatia itself is on holiday, and the Ultra Europe weekend in mid-July unless that is why you are coming. Cruise-ship mornings — the Peristyle between eleven and two — are avoidable any day by simply going somewhere else and returning at six.
The trade-off
The thing to understand is that the sea temperature lags the air by about two months. The air is hot in July but the sea is only properly warm from late July onwards, because it takes that long to heat through. September feels like the best summer month because the sea has caught up by then, and the air has dropped just enough to be comfortable. May feels cooler than it is, because the sea is still cold. If swimming is the point, come late. If heat is the point, come early.
Where to go next
Split in Spring
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Things to do in Split
Split in two days
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